Review of road surface photometry methods and devices – Proposal for new measurement geometries

Specifications concerning road lighting and photometry of road surfaces were established more than 50 years ago. Road lighting design and road marking visibility were developed for vehicle driving. The observation distance defined by standards corresponds to interurban applications; however, within Europe these areas do not tend to be lit. The objective of the SURFACE project is to propose new geometries for the photometric characterisation of pavements, both adapted to different urban travel modes and new lighting technologies. This article reviews the available guidelines, standards, measuring devices and literature regarding geometries and road lighting applications, and presents the project SURFACE analysis and proposal. The SURFACE consortium recommends adding several new angles for different driving conditions and road users; 2.29 degrees for urban environments and consistency with road marking standard, and 1 degrees for extra-urban environment and consistency with previous geometries. A 5 degrees angle, corresponding to 17-m viewing distance, could be an interesting compromise, suitable for urban driving at low speed, cycling and for scooters. The angles of 10 degrees and 20 degrees are under consideration for describing the boundary between diffuse and specular behaviour.