Toward metrological trustworthiness for automated and connected mobility

The mobility of people and goods is moving into a new era of more automated services based on sensors networks and Artificial Intelligence. At present, Automated Mobility, in the broadest meaning of the terms includes Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and Autonomous Vehicle (AV), beyond being attractive for many practical advantages, ranging from safety to traffic flow manage- ment, still presents several concerns on the trustworthiness of sen- sor networks integrated into vehicles, especially regarding sen- sors calibration, data uncertainty and data fusion approaches. Currently, the trustworthiness of ADAS and AV functions is assessed with virtual and physical simulation of functions relying on synthetic sensor models, simulated and measured sensor data and equivalent environmental conditions. During the lifespan of vehicles, environmental effects including possible accidents and common usage, can have significant impact on the performance of ADAS sensors and customer functions. Current approach is to consider ADAS sensors output nominal, disregarding the uncer- tainty of sensors data and including all the possible tolerances and variability at sensors/system testing stage. At present day, market offers several facilities and commer- cial set-up promoted as being able to do ADAS calibration: usu- ally are modular equipment allowing alignment and sensitivity check of different ADAS sensors, especially front sensors and camera. However, sensor calibration involves specific calibration facilities, procedures to establishing sensors sensitivity and most of all, associated uncertainty. Accuracy and traceability of ADAS sensors beyond being fundamental requirements in measurement science, allow the quantitative evaluation of the trustworthiness of sensors and customer functions. This paper suggests an approach to lay the foundation of Metrology of Trustworthiness for ADAS and AV complex sensors systems and provide a case study of IMU sensor trustworthiness.